Sangai Students’ Merit Award presented Meritorious students feted at different places

The 2nd Sangai Students’ Merit Award ceremony and Wildlife Quiz Competition 2014 was held at Moral Guidance English School, Komlakhong today Source The Sangai Express

The 2nd Sangai Students’ Merit Award ceremony and Wildlife Quiz Competition 2014 was held at Moral Guidance English School, Komlakhong today Source The Sangai Express

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Sitin demands URF camp exit

A protest de monstration was staged today demanding removal of the URF’s designated camp and all army Assam Rifles posts from Loitang Khunou Source The Sangai Express

A protest de monstration was staged today demanding removal of the URF’s designated camp and all army Assam Rifles posts from Loitang Khunou Source The Sangai Express

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Coase and The Forest Degradation in Manipur: The misfortune of the mountains – KanglaOnline

Coase and The Forest Degradation in Manipur: The misfortune of the mountainsKanglaOnlineSomething like this has been happening in the mountains of Manipur and it is getting worseby the day. The significance of the mountains in this province lies in the…

Coase and The Forest Degradation in Manipur: The misfortune of the mountains
KanglaOnline
Something like this has been happening in the mountains of Manipur and it is getting worseby the day. The significance of the mountains in this province lies in the synonymousness with the forests as elsewhere in the province. The degradation of the

Read more / Original news source: http://news.google.com/news/url?sa=t&fd=R&ct2=us&usg=AFQjCNGOVea2hOLsTcusjEzSjA0pHvCIpw&clid=c3a7d30bb8a4878e06b80cf16b898331&ei=souOU4ivJ9TY8gGqs4H4Aw&url=http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/coase-and-the-forest-degradation-in-manipur-the-misfortune-of-the-mountains/

Coase and The Forest Degradation in Manipur: The misfortune of the mountains

By Amar Yumnam Ronal Coase is Nobel laureate in Economics. There is a theorem which he propounded. It states that in cases where the ownership of property is not properly

By Amar Yumnam

Ronal Coase is Nobel laureate in Economics. There is a theorem which he propounded. It states that in cases where the ownership of property is not properly defined, that property would suffer fast degradation as everybody would try to exploit it at the maximum in as short a time as possible. This naturally leads to the fast deterioration in the quality and quantity of the resource in question. Something like this has been happening in the mountains of Manipur and it is getting worseby the day. The significance of the mountains in this province lies in the synonymousness with the forests as elsewhere in the province. The degradation of the forests in Manipur was always bad and it is getting increasingly worse. The disappearing forests, worsening environmental scenario and probable disappearance of mountains in Manipur have never occupied the mind of the thinking public and the space of policy formulation. During the 1980s and 1990s, the Tamenglong scenario in this rate of forest degradation was absolutely the worst in Manipur.

But the worst and the most challenging phenomenon of forest degradation is now happening in the Chandel District. There could be many reasons for the Chandel leaving Tamenglong behind. One possible reason could be the declining comparative economic value of the forests in Tamenglong district. If this is the case, it willnot be a sustainable one. If the Chandel value declines as it wont, the exploitation of the Tamenglong forests would again resume in a way to permanently and irrevocably destroy the forests in the latter. The more dangerous scenario is the most likely probability of the Chandel forests to experience irrevocable and permanent damage in this round of exploitation itself. In fact the scenario in Chandel today is so bad that quite many mountains are now facing the risk of absolute disappearance in due course thanks to the complete disappearance of the forest covers. The issue is why has such a situation arisen in this district? The answer lies in the worst form of Coasian problem being faced in this district. First, the property rights in the forests in this district are as ill-defined as they could be. Second, the first problem is coupled by an acute competition among diverse ethnic groups for dominance.

In the absence of expanding economic opportunities, all the members of each ethnic group have depended increasingly heavily on the exploitation of the forests. In other words, the exploitation of the forests has been so interlinked with the livelihood possibilities. Since the property rights are ill-defined, each is trying to competitively exploit the forests as completely as possible so as to leave no scope for others to take advantage. This is a sure route to destruction of the forests sooner than later, and ultimately the disappearance of the mountains in due course. The long run implication is disappearance of livelihood possibilities of the common man as the forests have disappeared. The overall social implication for Manipur would be very precarious and environmentally highly hazardous.

The land and the people of Manipur can in no case afford the continuance of the current form of forest exploitation and mountain degradation in the Chandel district. We have to evolve a strategy for addressing this problem. The immediate intervention should be a strict application of environmental governance rules. This alone however would not be enough. We have to complement this by a strong livelihood expansion strategies. This is something required by all the mountain districts of Manipur, but the environmental imperative for this in the Chandel district is overwhelming. Still further, the people of the district as stakeholders should now initiate articulation and debate over the sustainable future of the people and the environment within a longer time perspective. Current predominance of only immediate outcomes as relevant should be replaced by this longer term perspective. People require the state and the environment and vice versa. We survive together with the environment or we die with it. Here time is of the essence for evolving towards an appropriate property rights regime.

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/coase-and-the-forest-degradation-in-manipur-the-misfortune-of-the-mountains/

Make Haste and Prioritise Carefully

By B.G. Verghese Mr Modi is now firmly in the saddle. He should not let his enthusiasm outpace what should be a measured administrative stride nor allow his colleagues to

By B.G. Verghese

Mr Modi is now firmly in the saddle. He should not let his enthusiasm outpace what should be a measured administrative stride nor allow his colleagues to derail him by thoughtless word or deed. The swearing-in was hyped beyond measure both as a spectacle and a diplomatic coup. The first was a bit of a bore with ninety minutes of repetitive swearing-in while the ensuing talks with the visiting heads of government and others could not be path-breaking without key ministers in place or any in-depth briefing. It was at best a pleasant and useful getting-acquainted exercise.

The Council of Ministers has the virtue of being small (45) but there will soon be some expansion in order to ensure political and regional balance. The consolidation of relatedministries like transport and energy is welcome but may need further streamlining. Collective cabinet responsibility and accountability have been restored by abolishing the plethora of GOMs and EGOMs that the UPA recklessly set up.

Information & Broadcasting has strangely been mated with the Environment. Both need reform, the first by being abolished, with its component units like PrasarBharati, the Films Division and DAVP being granted autonomy; and the other by avoiding an excessively rigid touch-me-not approach to nature, something that misreads the progress of civilisation. The environment must of course be protected but the watchword must be dynamic balance. Poverty is the worst pollutant and to get rid of poverty (and avoid social instability) we need infrastructure, skilling and jobs. The new Environment Minister has promised to fast track Rs 80,000 core of stalled projects, which if sensibly done will give a great stimulus to investment and growth.

Mr Modi has been right to call for openness in government and to urge ministers and officials to twitter and keep in touch with the public. The social media and responsive government are each important in their own way but there is danger encouraging a babel of individual voices, each claiming to represent some essential truth. The result can only be misunderstanding and incoherence and a departure from studied decision-making.

There is also need to be wary of too much centralisation of authority in the person of the Prime Minister and the PMO as appears to be Mr Modi’s inclination. India does not operate a presidential system and even an overdose of presidential style can lead to loss of ministerial initiative and a tendency to pass the buck.

Jitendra Singh, Minister of State in the PMO was unwise to stir an avoidable controversy hours over Article 370 had commenced. This fetched a tart reply from Omar Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti that any such move could prove dangerous and controversia.The RSS immediately joined in to support abrogation, thrusting its view matters on the new dispensation. Thisis a danger signal and could suggest the Parivar’sdesire to remote-control and micro-manage events from Nagpur.

BJP-RSS illiteracy on Article 370 is well known. The notion that this makes J&K a less integrated state than others is fallacious. Article 1 read with Schedule IEntry 15 and the J&K Constitution (which few know about or have bothered to read) make this absolutely clear. The argument that Article 370 has not benefited the people of J&K but has stalled their progress and welfare is bogus. The State has the best record of any in the matter of land reformsin abolishing landlordism an evil that continues to enslave millions, especially in eastern and southern India.

Moreover, Article 370is just among a whole family of provisions contained in Articles 371 and 371 A to Iand the Fifth and Sixth Schedules that provide for special dispensations for different classes of people and regions.

The BJP and RSS can equally do with a tutorial on a uniform civil code. This is a Directive Principle (Article 44) that calls on the State “to endeavour” to legislate a uniform civil code. Securing a UCC does not imply any compulsion to abrogate personal laws as tirelessly and mischievously argued byill-informed politicians, lawyers, editors and academics. Personal laws come under the rubric of “freedom of conscience and the free profession, practice and propagation of religion” guaranteed by Article 25 subject to “public order, morality and health” and other fundamental rights.

Any UCC will therefore necessarily be optional and, indeed, exists in part in the Special Marriage and Divorce Act 1954.But by a special amendment sponsored by the Indira Gandhi government during the Emergency, Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs marrying under the Special Marriage Act are to be governed by the Hindu Succession Act, a patent effort at communal appeasement.

The Special Marriage Act is a great boon and allows inter-faith, inter-caste and even inter–regional marriage without necessitating conversion by one or other spouse to the faith of the other. Moreover, few know that Goa is governed by a UCC, a legacy of Portuguese rule. Neither has been challenged for being ultra vires.

A UCC essentially provides for gender justice. Allpersonal laws, without exception, are heavily biased against women in order to keep property within the family circle. Property, not faith, underpins personallaws. Empowering women by granting them one-third representation in Parliament is relative trivia compared to empowering 600 million Indian women through a UCCthat enables them to regulate their personal lives. Yet those who eloquently plead for women’s rights, including women, have ignorantly joined the vicious bandwagon illegally and gratuitously to crush women’s rights.This is one of the great inequities of modern India.

The truth is that the RSS-BJP believethat brandishing the prospectof a UCCis a whip with which to terrify Muslims in particular and get them to fall in line. The other popular notion that Hindu law has been unified is another piece of exalted rubbish. The Hindu Code Bill codified a considerable part of Hindu law but many other Hindu codes continue to exist in different parts of the country. Among the practices protected by Hindu law is the joint family, a property-oriented regime that has today become a major tax haven.

Finally, Entry 5 of the Concurrent List entitles any State to enact a UCC as marriage and divorce, adoption, wills, intestacy, succession, joint family and partition fall within its concurrent jurisdiction. Why then has no BJP-ruled State even lifted a finger to enact a UCC, as many states took the initiative to legislate freedom of information Acts. The new Law Minister, Ravi Shankar Prasad on TV last week spoke of “unifying India’s oneness” and its unity in diversity through a UCC. Do it man; don’t dance around it as others have done for 50 years. India needs a UCC today. Without it, no Indian has the right by law to be an Indian in personal life. He or she must remain not even a Hindu, Muslim, Christian or Sikh Indian, but, ultimately, a denominational or sub-denominational one at that, down to the gotra by Khap law. What an unfolding of the inner hollowness and humbug of Indian secularism.

www.bgverghese.com

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/make-haste-and-prioritise-carefully/

Stop Playing With Bombs and Words

The May 29 bomb explosion at the crowded market place of Singjamei was another senseless act committed by ‘cowards’. Yes, this was the word used by most of the political

The May 29 bomb explosion at the crowded market place of Singjamei was another senseless act committed by ‘cowards’. Yes, this was the word used by most of the political leaders who visited the site of the blast. The same word was used when the leaders spoke to the media at the sidelines of their visit to the victims who are still fighting for their life in some of the hospitals in Imphal. Planting bomb at a busy market place is a sign of insanity. Let us all agree with that. Indications are that the blast was targeted at some particular community. Yet a bomb is not so intelligent to differentiate between people of different communities. It can hurt or kill anyone having no prejudice. One valley based proscribed outfit has charged that it could be a sinister design of the state to show Manipur in a bad light. We cannot ascertain the charge thrown against the state by the outfit as of now. But on hindsight, Chief Minister visited the site of the blast. After that the CM visited the victims in the hospitals, like any other responsible leader. He said the government will not spare the perpetrators. Besides, the CM did not ruled out the possibility of the bomb being targeted at the non-locals as the area is often crowded by them. Yet the motive can only be ascertained after proper investigation and apprehension of the perpetrators involved, the CM also added. We cannot imagine how many more bombs will be exploded in crowded areas in the days to come. People of Imphal have seen a series of bomb blast in the recent past. We have not heard of a single perpetrator getting caught by the state police so far. Both the CM and the deputy CM were brave enough to cover up the failure of the state security, maintaining that there have been no lapses from the part of the home department. Needless to mention that the site of the blast has round the clock security deployment; with the army sentry snooping down from the height of the Chinga Ching as well. As we have mentioned in this column earlier, most of the check points in Imphal have already been outsourced to the ‘quasi force’ called the Village Defense Force. These VDF are engaged only in two kinds of duties. One is to frisk the youngsters, who are on two wheelers and check every personal belongings needlessly. Secondly, checking the vehicles returning from Moreh to Imphal, for a few currency notes to be extracted from the drivers or the petty businessmen, this is evidently visible at the Chinga Makhong check point every day. The blast could have been averted had the security been alert of any suspicious movements in the particular area, rather than harassing youngsters or milking money from the vehicles. We have learned from sources that the VDF personnel who were posted for duty on the day of the blast were given a good thrashing by their senior officers. The fact is that the state has outsourced some of the most important jobs of maintaining security to some ill-trained force who are pitiably under-paid and motivated. The state leaders at the same time shirk away from owing responsibility when a major crime like bomb blast occurs at a crowded place. What is even more distasteful is the audacity of the CM to claim that his government has been trying their best to prevent such incidents in areas especially where AFSPA has been lifted. Not only this, his deputy purportedly justified the incident that it was not an isolated incident. He said “even in highly advance country like US, shooting incidents of school children happens”. We cannot figure out what kind of analogy the deputy CM was trying to draw. But enough playing with words when people are dying, the ‘cowards’ could be hiding in your backyard.

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/stop-playing-with-bombs-and-words/

“Ibudhou Marjing complex has huge tourism potential”

IMPHAL, June 1: “The Ibudhou Marjing complex has huge tourism potential and could be turned into an attractive tourist spot of the State. We dream of becoming a tourist destination

IMPHAL, June 1: “The Ibudhou Marjing complex has huge tourism potential and could be turned into an attractive tourist spot of the State. We dream of becoming a tourist destination in the future, for which the required infrastructure will be set up in the surrounding areas though without affecting any agricultural land,” said Heignang MLA Nongthonmbam Biren today.

The MLA was speaking after inaugurating three community halls and a waiting shed this morning in his constituency.

Continuing his address, the local MLA said he had observed on his way to the site some individuals digging earth along the Heingang-Pangei road and taking off the erected fencing pillars of the Pony sanctuary.

He warned the individuals and anybody involved that in case the pillars are not returned to its proper place within two days, he will file a lawsuit against them.

Disturbing such developmental work is unfortunate, he asserted.

The individuals had removed the fencing pillars of the Pony Sanctuary Park located at the foothills of Ibudhou Marjing range.

“The Chief Minister will take such disturbances to developmental works very seriously,” he observed.

Speaking of developmental works in the area, he said the newly developed road connecting Heingang with Pangei will be black topped soon and it will be developed into a double lane.

Agricultural land should not be used for other purposes, he said.

Reassuring the people, he said they should not worry much, as for developing tourism in the area, they can utilise nature’s gift to Heingang.

He said he is against constructing community halls on playgrounds, but such halls need to be constructed for the benefits of the public.

“We, Meiteis have no place to gather and discuss the progress in the society,” he said.

People should utilise the community halls in a befitting manner and not only as a hall for local ritual ceremonies, he said before adding it could also act as a playground for the children.

The newly constructed bridge near the old one connecting Achanbigei and Heingang will be inaugurated soon, he said.

Today’s function was organised by the Heingang Development Congress Co-ordination Committee.

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/ibudhou-marjing-complex-has-huge-tourism-potential/

Eviction carried out for Pallel Bridge approach road

THOUBAL, June 1: Officials today removed roadside buildings and other structures for the construction of the approach road of Pallel New Bridge in Thoubal district. Officials used a JCB and

THOUBAL, June 1: Officials today removed roadside buildings and other structures for the construction of the approach road of Pallel New Bridge in Thoubal district.

Officials used a JCB and a bulldozer to remove the structures including some class rooms of Ideal High School, private houses and shops, some structures of Police Station situated on the western side of Old Police Station as well as the fencing and a duty post tower of the newly constructed police station which is not yet inaugurated.

Land compensation and cost of standing properties have been paid to all affected pattadars for the construction of the 150 feet wide approach road to the Pallel New Bridge since 1998, said sub-division magistrate, Kakching Th Charanjeet Singh while briefing the media.

Subsequently, eviction of the encroached structures was carried out last October after the construction of the new bridge was completed, he said.

However, after the encroachers assured that they will remove their structures themselves, the process was stopped, he added.

However, when a team of PWD engineers went to beging construction process of the approach road in February, they found some of the structures still standing, the SDM continued.

And as such the final eviction process was carried out today after the owners were informed beforehand, he said.

Meanwhile, Yanglet Haokip, owner of the land adjacent to the Old Police Station said that his land was not affected according to the earlier order issued and he did not received any compensation from the government.

But during the eviction process, some portion of my land and standing properties were affected, he said.

Following an understanding with the DC Thoubal and an official assurance to provide compensation, some parts of his standing properties were removed, he said.

He appealed to the authorities to expedite the process for providing compensation for the affected portion of his land and cost of standing properties at the earliest.

He also warned that, if the concern authorities fail to provide compensation for the affected land and cost of standing properties, any construction work within his land boundary will be prohibited.

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/eviction-carried-out-for-pallel-bridge-approach-road/

2nd Meitei MLA of Assam remembered

JIRIBAM, June 1: A remembrance program of Mera Chaoba, the second Meitei MLA of Assam was held this morning around 10.30 at the conference hall of the Jagannath Singh College,

JIRIBAM, June 1: A remembrance program of Mera Chaoba, the second Meitei MLA of Assam was held this morning around 10.30 at the conference hall of the Jagannath Singh College, Udharbond, Cachar Assam.

The program was organised by the Manipuri Satya Parishad, Assam Udharbond Branch.

Noted writer Kabrabam Nilikanta presided over the program, while, Dr H Nani Kumar Singh, professor, dept of Manipuri, Assam University, Silchar as the chief guest, short story writer Moirangjem Dev (Subram) as special guest.

Dr Haorongbam Rajmani, asst prof dept of Manipuri, Assam University, Silchar, Seram Pakachand, Asem Mani and Seram Rajendra (Nritya Guru) as guests of honour.

Jagannath Singh College, Udharbond principal, Sarangthem Somarendra and Kangabam Birajit delivered the welcome address and keynote address, respectively.

As part of the program, Kabrabam Nilakanta’s book entitled ‘Sri Sri Jagannath ki Masaigonda’ was also released.

Jagannath Singh College, Udharbond Assist prof Anita Singh delivered a speech on ‘Sri Laishram Mera Chaoba gi Punshi Amasung Thabak’ while vice principal, Sisu Sadan, Udhabond read out his paper on ‘Mera Chaoba gi matam fi Samaj amasung Raj-niti gi fivam,’ during the evening session, which had Assam University, Silchar Manipuri prof Dr H Nani Kumar Singh as the moderator.

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/2nd-meitei-mla-of-assam-remembered/

Legal awareness camp imparts rights based information

IMPHAL, June 1: A one day legal awareness program on the theme ‘Protection of Women’s Right was held today at the Girls Hostel complex, Hatta along the JNIMS road. The

IMPHAL, June 1: A one day legal awareness program on the theme ‘Protection of Women’s Right was held today at the Girls Hostel complex, Hatta along the JNIMS road.

The program was jointly organised by Manipur State Legal Service Authority (MSLSA) and All Manipur Muslims (Meitei Pangal) Welfare Association (AMPWA).

District and Session Judge, Manipur East, A Guneshwar Sharma attended the program as the chief guest, Chief Judicial Magistrate, Manipur East, A Nouteshori, chairperson, Manipur State Minorities Commission, A Halim Chowdary retd IAS as the guest of honour and president AMPWA, M A Janab Khan as the president.

In his keynote address, Ch Birendra assistant news editor, DDK Imphal said the program aims at equipping the Muslim women with ways to defend oneself from any crime or to fight for their won rights.

Today women have the same rights as men and should not remain ignorant of the law and the legal provisions for them, he said.

Advocate Md Abdul Quayum spoke on the right to property of Muslim women and all necessary Acts implemented for them to this effect.

Ngangom Tejkumar Singh, director (Law Department) gave a thematic talk on crime against women, Drugs and Domestic Violence Act 2008.

A Guneswar Sharma attributed the high crime rate amongst the Muslim community to the lack of education, early marriage, population explosion which has practically raised economic problems.

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/legal-awareness-camp-imparts-rights-based-information/

Ukhrul children homes lack govt support, says CWC

IMPHAL, June 1: The Child Welfare Committee (CWC) in Ukhrul has stated in its latest inspection report that children homes in the district lack help and support. The inspection revealed

IMPHAL, June 1: The Child Welfare Committee (CWC) in Ukhrul has stated in its latest inspection report that children homes in the district lack help and support.

The inspection revealed that as many as 83 percent of the children homes is devoid of any support from the government and is sustained by contributions and donations from individuals. There are shortage of necessary facilities such as dormitory, furniture, toilet and trained staffs in these homes; 50 percent are without basic infrastructural amenities such as power supply, water pipeline connection, and proper buildings. None of the children homes has administered periodical health check-ups nor conducted regular counselling sessions in the past.

Among the six children homes, none of them is run and managed by the state government or recognised by the state Social Welfare Department as non-governmental organisations, and thus remains ineligible for any form of assistance/scheme from the department. Besides, 67 percent are yet to be registered under the Juvenile Justice Act. The report shows that five out of six homes are for boys and girls, one exclusively for boys and none exclusively for the girls.

The report stated that Ukhrul district deserves one government run home at least, especially for girls given the widespread child trafficking cases at the moment.

Of the 176 inmates, 58.52 percent are in the age group between 7-11 years, the sex ratio is overwhelmingly dominated by males, 50.56 percent are on the borderline, 30 percent has one of their parents alive, 17.61 percent are orphans, 1.13 percent is HIV infected, and 75.57 percent do not receive government support. Thus, it can be easily observed that poverty is the main reason for these children’s stay in the homes.

“The main factor responsible for the poor functioning of children homes in Ukhrul is undeniably attributed to lack of funds. Absence of periodical inspection and social auditing on the part of government are also other important aspects.”

“Financial support to the deprived homes; formation of district level inspection committee inclusive of government representatives and community stakeholders; and proper monitoring mechanism and evaluation schedule as per sub-section 1 of section 35 and section 36 of the Juvenile Justice Act are of pressing needs to bring about improvement in the functioning/better quality of services of the children homes,” the inspection report suggested.

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/ukhrul-children-homes-lack-govt-support-says-cwc/

RD & PR director predicate Panchayati Raj Act a failure in State

IMPHAL, June 1: Although the Panchayati Raj Act was implemented some 24 years back in the country, the Act has been reduced impractical in the State which has 161 Gram

IMPHAL, June 1: Although the Panchayati Raj Act was implemented some 24 years back in the country, the Act has been reduced impractical in the State which has 161 Gram Panchayats, said director RD and PR, SIRD, Dr K Shyamsunder Singh today.

The RD and PR, director stated this during a two-day workshop programme on ‘Panchayati Raj System in Manipur Challenges and Solution’ held today at Takyel Kolom Leikai Community Hall.

The workshop was organized by the 4-Takyel Development Organization, Takyel Khogban Khumanthem Leikai with the support of department of Rural Development (RD) and Panchayati Raj (PR), State Institute for Rural Development (SIRD).

Dr K Shyamsunder Singh further pointed out that the lack of Mehila Sabha and Ward Sabha in rural development. The objective of the ward is to promote the road connectivity in rural, gram panchayat and women empowerment, added Dr Shyamsunder.

The aim of organizing such programme is to give awareness to the people about the importance of Panchayat, he continued.

He further said that in order to strengthen the Panchayati Raj in the country, the government introduced a scheme called Rajiv Gandhi Panchayat Sashaktikaran Abhiyan (RGPSA). But, due to absence of Panchayat Ghar and lack of officials, the scheme cannot be materialised, depriving the public of its advantages.

For the development of state, there is a need for development in the rural areas on a priority basis.

Minister of Social Welfare and Cooperation, Ak Mirabai Devi, said that although the concerned department has implemented various welfare schemes, the schemes have failed to reach its real beneficiaries in the grassroot level.

Nevertheless, the Minister is confident that initiative taken by the women in shaping the society will surely bring a change in the society.

She further observed that everyone in the state should retrospect the mistakes they have made hindering development in the State.

She continued that every elected member of the state should take initiative in rendering awareness to the people about the schemes and how to utilise properly which ultimately changes the mindset of the people.

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/rd-pr-director-predicate-panchayati-raj-act-a-failure-in-state/

LAYO felicitates successful class X and XII students

KANGPOKPI, June1: Leikot Area Youth Organization (LAYO) in collaboration with Integrated Highlanders Environment Economic Development Society (InHEEDS) organized on Sunday the 13th felicitation programme cum Career Counseling at Bethsaida Village,

KANGPOKPI, June1: Leikot Area Youth Organization (LAYO) in collaboration with Integrated Highlanders Environment Economic Development Society (InHEEDS) organized on Sunday the 13th felicitation programme cum Career Counseling at Bethsaida Village, Sadar Hills to felicitate all the successful candidates of HSLC and HSE 2014 from Leikot Area which comprises of more than 35 villages.

Rev. Paolun Haokip and Chongpu Kipgen, chief executive officer, Sadar Hills Autonomous District Council, Kangpokpi attended the function as minister and functional president respectively while Dr Seipu Kipgen, lecturer, Imphal College attended the felicitation programme as resource person.

Altogether 51 successful candidates including 38 HSLC successful candidates and 13 in HSE 2014 from Leikot Area has been felicitated in the programme.

Late Sehkhosei Kipgen Memorial Award comprising cash and memento donated by Gogou Kipgen has been awarded to Tongminlen Kipgen, a student of Damdei Christian College in Science stream from Molnoi village, who top the HSE 2014 among the felicitated student from Leikot Area with 72.4 %.

Meanwhile, late Seikhopao Kipgen Memorial Award comprising of cash and memento donated by Lhingboi Kipgen wife of late Seikhopao Kipgen of Chaljang Village has been awarded to Vahneilam Kipgen of C Joujang village, a student of Ideal English High School, Charhajare, who top the HSLC 2014 among 38 HSLC successful candidates from Leikot Area with 77.8 percentage.

The second topper among the HSLC candidates from Leikot Area Hengoulal Kipgen of Leikot village from T L Shalom School with 75.6 percentage has been awarded a cash and a memento donated by Haoneo Kipgen while the other top 4 to 10 were awarded memento and the other successful candidates were awarded certificate.

All the felicitated candidates were encouraged based on the verses of Holy Bible by the Minister and sought a blessing from God for the successful candidates.

There is no provision that only wealthy and bureaucrats family is entitled to achieved success said Chongpu Kipgen before adding that those who struggle continuously with determination have every chance of success.

He continued that parent have equivalent responsibility for the success of their ward as their ward do while urging the student to avoid malpractice in every examination and termed unfair means in examination the ‘dirtiest lies’ account for a student unsuccessful life.

The function resource person Dr. Seipu Kipgen while in his speech asserted that the society today is not a jhum cultivation based rather it is a knowledge based society adding that knowledge has become the best tool for human being.

He continued that youngsters today should struggle to achieve all available knowledge while avoiding high fashion living standard and live life in the simplest form.

“Let books be your best friend”, Dr. Seipu Kipgen told the student adding that book will never forsake and betray you

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/layo-felicitates-successful-class-x-and-xii-students/

Coimbatore pays homage to soldier who died in Manipur – Times of India

Coimbatore pays homage to soldier who died in ManipurTimes of IndiaCOIMBATORE: City paid homage to G Mohan Kumar, a 41-year-old havildar, who died fighting terrorists on the India-Myanmar border in Manipur a few days ago. Kumar's body arrived in th…

Coimbatore pays homage to soldier who died in Manipur
Times of India
COIMBATORE: City paid homage to G Mohan Kumar, a 41-year-old havildar, who died fighting terrorists on the India-Myanmar border in Manipur a few days ago. Kumar's body arrived in the city on Sunday afternoon and was buried at Athupalam burial …

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BJP Manipur proposes suspension of AFSPA – Assam Tribune

BJP Manipur proposes suspension of AFSPAAssam TribuneIMPHAL, June 1 – BJP Manipur Pradesh has proposed the suspension of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) 1958 from Manipur in order to save the life of Irom Sharmila. BJP Manipur Pradesh pre…

BJP Manipur proposes suspension of AFSPA
Assam Tribune
IMPHAL, June 1 – BJP Manipur Pradesh has proposed the suspension of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) 1958 from Manipur in order to save the life of Irom Sharmila. BJP Manipur Pradesh president Thounaojam Chaoba Singh speaking to …
No internal crisis in BJP, Chaoba affirmsKanglaOnline

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Does the Northeast Have a Northeast Leader?

By Pradip Phanjoubam One of most admirable innovations of the newly sworn in BJP government led by Narendra Modi is the manner in which the charismatic though controversial Prime Minister,

By Pradip Phanjoubam

One of most admirable innovations of the newly sworn in BJP government led by Narendra Modi is the manner in which the charismatic though controversial Prime Minister, networked his various ministries, binding one to the other in an “organic” way, as has been described. In the inner circle of power wielders, he appointed politicians of known calibers as cabinet ministers. In the second circle, are the ministers of state, but most of those given independent charges of government departments are also given charge of being junior ministers under a cabinet ministers. Thus an experienced hand is sought to guide a less experienced one but also the experienced hand is also put on the alert that a junior colleague in the same department may outperform him or her.

Although this has not been demonstrated yet, there are also speculations that the new government plans to have a separate minister of cabinet rank to ensure smooth coordination between the various related ministries.

Whatever the criticisms of Modi, so far his government does seem to be fired by a sense of purpose, and if we may add, mission. It remains to be seen if the metaphor of the shadow which Eliot raised to almost the status of a proverb, begins to fall between the plans and their execution. On a cautionary note again, the much admired sense of mission this government exudes with so far, history has proven, can warp into an ultra-nationalistic monster, in total contravention of the liberal understanding of democracy and the welfare state, but nonetheless still coming under the guise of democracy. One does hope these fears prove unfounded, and the new government delivers not a Rightist and ultra-nationalistic agenda but its promise of all round growth and development that the country is starved for at this moment.

Amidst all the extremely well orchestrated and professionally disseminated propagandas which have virtually deluged the Indian media in the current times, it is difficult to figure out the veracity of news and analyses of such a complex subject as determining the political will of a billion and more people. As a matter of fact, the deluge of data and their interpretations by so called dispassionate experts have only accentuated the confusion in the minds of the general consumers of these information. As for instance, on the question of whether the popular verdict to usher in a BJP government with Modi at its helm was a result of a fragmented and polarized electorate or whether instead Modi unified existing divisions in the society, there has been no convincing answers.

Many think Modi paved the way for the electorate to sweep aside differences of caste, creed and colour, all of them finding a common denominator in their shared interest of a promise for a better future for themselves that would result from a growth in the macro economics of the country, a promise for which the media by and large have portrayed Modi as the only capable deliverer, hyping up the example of Gujarat’s fabled growth under Modi as chief ministership. There have been many credible voices against this claim, including by economist John Dreze, an associate of Amartya Sen, and somebody who has devoted his career to understanding the phenomenon of poverty in India. But the “Modi Tsunami”, or “TsuNamo” as again the media sensationally referred to, swept all these voices of dissent aside.

There are others who think election 2014 has actually fragmented and polarized the Indian society even more critically. They explain this is why a party which garnered only 31 per cent of the votes polled could win a clear majority in the Parliament. One of the indications of this divide, especially of the marginalization of the significant other population group of India – that of the Muslim – they say is that all of the meager seven Muslim candidates set up by the BJP all over India, which including the Congress turned BJP, veteran journalist and political chameleon M.J. Akbar, lost. In this regard, it is heartening that the Modi cabinet has a Muslim representative in the former chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, Najma Heptullah.

Incidentally, the Northeast also has two in the so far 45-strong ministry.

Surprisingly, or should one instead say not surprisingly, the ministry which functions as the nodal agency for all development works in the Northeast, DoNER, has gone to a former chief of the Indian Army. Whether this is for the good or the bad, it would be too early to comment, for indeed, there has never been any guarantee somebody from the Northeast knows the Northeast better in a holistic way. As an Army man who has served in the Northeast, one can almost vouch, at least as far as physical geography and demography spread is concerned, the general would have a better knowledge of the place than many Northeasterner. Whether only this level of knowledge is enough to be a good captain of the places politics, is the million rupees question which will begin to be answered in the next few years.

One thing is certain. The fragmented nature of politics in the Northeast being what it is, the place has seldom thrown up anybody who can qualify to be called a leader of the Northeast. From the pre-partition days, the name of Gopinath Bardoloi is often cited as one who has earned this stature, but though there can be no doubt he was a great leader of Assam fighting for the cause of the Assamese, there can also be no gainsaying that Assam is hardly the Northeast. He saved Assam from the campaign of the Muslim League and its local leader then, Md. Saadulla, also a former chief minister of the state, to have Assam included in Pakistan, but Bardoloi’s politics, premised fundamentally on Assamese nationalism as it was, in the long run resulted in the bifurcation of Assam. The Bengalis of Assam’sBarak Valley too are less than happy with his politics which resulted in Sylhet being bartered away to Pakistan.

In the current times, former chief minister of Nagaland and now an MP from the state, Neiphiu Rio, is mentioned in certain circle as one who has emerged as a leader of the Northeast, deserving to be given charge of the region. Would this claim be endorsed by all of the Northeast by and large? Unlikely. For while Rio is a charismatic leader of Nagaland state, and perhaps of the other Nagas outside of the state too, he is hardly likely to know, much less be interested in the nuances of the politics, aspirations, yearnings, insecurities etc, of the rest of the Northeast. The sectarian nature of his politics was evident in the manner the unsuccessful campaign of his party, the Naga People’s Front, NPF, to garner the Manipur Outer Parliamentary was conducted. In the aftermath of the election loss, he even charged the Nagas of betraying the Nagas in Manipur, revealing his peculiar political vision where Nagas are expected to vote only for the Nagas. In fact, this is the brand of democracy everybody and every other party should avoid to the extent possible.

As a matter of fact, the man Rio accused of sabotaging the Naga vote solidarity, Prof. Gangmumei Kamei, is one person who could have fitted the bill of being a Northeast leader. As a brilliant academician and a respected public intellectual, he is acceptable to not just to the rest of the Northeast, but much beyond. His agenda is informed not by sectarian political outlooks and therefore can see beyond narrow walls of ethnicity and region.

Former Lok Sabha speaker and former chief minister of Meghalaya, Purno A. Sangma, is another. However controversial his party politics may have been in the past, his political commitments is marked by the kind of catholicity of outlook which can make him acceptable to the most of the Northeast. I have distinguished here “party politics” and “political commitment”. He is someone who has been much visible to all the states of the Northeast, having participated in, therefore understands the local campaigns in most of these states.

Though low profile, the universal ideology of his party would have probably made the genial and affable Dr. M Nara of the CPI, an acceptable face too beyond his state.

Very surprisingly, though large and therefore carrying the most clout, Assam has not thrown up leaders who have been able to be Northeast leaders. The state has seen many ministers in the Union cabinet, and even a President of the Union. All of them were very accomplished men no doubt, but none have been able to find a resonance in the Northeast states except in Assam. Sadly, it seems, Assam is too preoccupied with itself. In the intellectual, media and arts circles, there are many Assamese who think Northeast but for some reason or the other, very few politicians are inclined similarly.

This list of possible Northeast leaders is far from exhaustive, but the point one is making is, there are very few leaders in the Northeast who have risen above the confines of their individual states. This probably is another reason, though not the only one, or for that matter the most important one, for this tendency to have somebody away from the Northeast to be chosen as a leader of the Northeast. The marginalization of the Northeast in the consciousness of the Indian mainstream is the most often cited reason for this seeming discrimination, and while not disputing this explanation altogether, the need is also for Northeast leaders to stretch their political visions beyond the confines of their individual states and communities.

Returning to the Modi government’s innovations, though still not tested and proven in practice, the other proposal particularly relevant to Manipur is that of having a full-fledged cabinet ranked ministry to oversee the coordination of inter-related ministries.

Evidence of an abysmal lack of such a coordination and cooperation is stark everywhere. It is common sight, round the year, for instance for the PWD to black top roads and soon after the PHED department to come and dig up these roads to lay their domestic water supply pipelines. If it is not the PHED then it could also be the Telecom department committing the wasteful carnage to lay their underground cables. There probably is nobody in the towns of the state, in particular the capital Imphal, who has not wondered in dismayed amusement, how the government’s right hand does not know what its left hand is doing. It would be highly appreciated if the Manipur government too could come up with some innovative measures to minimize this chaos caused by non-coordination of its related departments.

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/does-the-northeast-have-a-northeast-leader/

Eternal Youth anyone ?

By Tinky Ningombam Some people say age is just a number. Sadly all practical theories seems to point otherwise. For people unwilling to face inconvenient truths, a diplomatic truce. Just

By Tinky Ningombam

Some people say age is just a number. Sadly all practical theories seems to point otherwise. For people unwilling to face inconvenient truths, a diplomatic truce.

Just a few weeks back, on the eve of her birthday, my dear friend Linthoi went into a depression of sorts lamenting over aging, over the loss of an “era of innocence.” Call her a drama queen, but her words not mine. And I, true to my garb of an empathizing friend, played Oprah and tried to convince her otherwise. I told her about the rich experiences we have had, the maturity we have attained, the wisdom that our age has brought us and the inevitability of linear time and our need to be at peace with it. The futility of arguing with a philosophy scholar is one that only a first-hand experience will demonstrate. For my elaborate opinions gave her more fuel to enter into a debate that not only lasted for hours but managed to make both of us more confused of the presumably “mid-life crisis” that she thought she was having. The same state which I also partook by virtue of being of the same age.

The only good thing that came out of that conversation was our resolve to “never grow old”. That we vouched, we shall remain as true to our young selves and not become middle-aged ergo boring women who only talk about marital woes and skin problems.

Being in the wrong side of 20’s is in fact a slow and treacherous torture, more from peer pressure than anything else. Like someone just dresses you up for stage impromptu and throws you out to play your part without a rehearsal. Where we are expected to “act our age” and give up “behaving like a kid.” And somehow if you don’t, you are judged for being insecure. But that is life I guess, life means just action, no rehearsals.

The entire episode reminded me of Dorian Gray from Oscar Wilde’s book “The Picture of Dorian Gray”. For those who have not had a chance to read it, the story revolves around the “age-less” and quite narcissistic Victorian gentleman called Dorian Gray who wished that he would remain forever young and his face and body would not age a day. That in his place, his portrait picture should be the one to grow older and he was willing to sell his soul for it. In a supernatural turn of events, his wish is granted and he never ages a single day but the portrait does, showing every wicked frown, every heinous scar that his life of debauchery takes him through.

And so it goes, Oscar Wilde’s classic example of the Faustian crossroads that humans always seems to face in life. Are we willing to sell our soul for something that we believe is most important to us? Which in the case of “The Picture of Dorian Gray” was Dorian’s everlasting youth which he bargained for, leading him down to the path of crime and immorality. Therefore, making us question how vain we are, for our youth? How important is youth to us that we want to bargain the lines on our face made by a frown, a scar, a smile; signs of all the good and the bad in our lives, signs that tell of our passing time on earth.

A lot of people that I have met over the years have always told me that the only regret that they have about growing up is the loss of innocence. The “metaphorical” innocence or ignorance if I may, that is attributed to childhood. The carefree days where you are not expected to know everything or have an answer, in contrast to when you grow up, when you are expected to know everything and be wise.

But is ignorance indeed bliss? Will we be happier not knowing? Will it be good to forever trust people and be gullible to lies and be naïve to the rest of the world?

I truly think the grass is always greener on the other side. The self-important pain in the neck that I am, I know that I will always be restless to know. To know the answer, to find out the truth, to ask the unquestionable. So will I still want to be ignorant? No, I don’t think so. But has it made me happier to lose my childhood innocence? Of course not.

However I do believe that the protected environment that the most fortunate of children grow up in, not having to worry about earning a living or protecting oneself from physical dangers is an ideal world on its own but which is not the reality of life. The tragi-comic reality is that whatever muck and misery that adults seem to dive into, mingled with some momentary materialistic or man-made pleasures is the life that awaits us when we close that door of uninterrupted bliss. And in my personal opinion, the sooner one comes to terms with that, the better adept one will be to venture forth and prosper.

It is ok to be nostalgic about youth. After all, in youth, you are in the pink of health, you are not bogged down by responsibilities and you look as fresh as a daisy. But that is exactly why you have friends and peers, people who will age the same way as you and have similar ailing. How else will you complain and feel better?

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/eternal-youth-anyone/

Swine, Mushroom and Renunciation

By Malangba On Buddha Purnima, I mentioned the name “Gautama” to my wife. Though I cannot claim much knowledge about his teachings I have had an unmistakable attraction towards this

By Malangba

On Buddha Purnima, I mentioned the name “Gautama” to my wife. Though I cannot claim much knowledge about his teachings I have had an unmistakable attraction towards this historical figure. The romance that I find around this figure could be because of my ignorance of the finer details which are lost to me. Yet, the personality of Gautama never fails to amaze me. The received notion is that his death was due to eating improperly cooked pork, some say mushroom. The details are not that important but the very everydayness of how he died. He died a very ‘ordinary’ death. The mundane, even profane some would say, reasons that led to his death point to the here and now. The way he died has been interpreted in a very interesting manner. Swine and mushroom, cleanses the world of the debris of life. Commentators have made a connection here. Buddha was a cleanser, just like mushrooms which decomposes the dead trees. If not for mushrooms, the world would have been veritable mess. If not for spirits like Buddha, the world would have been a veritable mess. The world now is still a mess but the teachings, the life of Buddha, to many, gives a respite to this veritable mess.

My wife has been critical of this romance that I find in the Buddha, “the enlightened One”, the Tathagata. There is an aspect to her criticism that has kept me thinking. She finds fault with the Buddha’s act of leaving his wife Yashodahara with their only child Rahul. I try to reason out with her that everyone has to make sacrifices, and here the Buddha made a sacrifice for the salvation of humanity. She has a ready answer in “but at the cost of injustice to his family”. I say, “ they also made a sacrifice, they are remembered because their sacrifice was a part of the Buddha’s sacrifice. To that she replies, “ he never asked them, he had to run from home at the dead of night – like a thief!”. Here, I had to pause for a while. I then replied with restraint –“ See, he left them knowing well that they would never face the dearth of anything in life, they were in the palace, she was the wife of the prince, his son was already a prince, he left his family surrounded in the luxury and abundance anyone could desire”. She didn’t bother to answer. But she had already won this duel of words. It did not take much time to realise what the unspoken retort was. The Buddha deprived his wife and son, which nothing in the world could replace.

This realisation that my wife may be right, as was the case in some other cases also, was unsettling. Is there no way to please everyone? If the Buddha was not successful then, perhaps, it will be a difficult proposition for anyone. I tried to find a good answer but none was satisfactory. On one side what my wife pointed out could not be ignored yet my conviction that Buddha did the right thing gnawed on the other end. The solution came from an unexpected telephone call.

I have a friend, whose religious affiliation is hard to determine. He called to inform me that he was in Sikkim to join a Vipassana meditation course of ten days. This, I came to know, was after a prior course of Tantra in Pakhara, Nepal. His was some sort of spiritual quest. The call was two days before Buddha Purnima last month. He came to visit me and my family enroute home, Imphal. He stayed with us for a week. He brought serenity and positive vibes to our home. Somehow his presence was relaxing. He told stories about his experiences with meditative practices and taught me the basics. Every night, when my wife was watching the fights conducted by one very talkative, hysterical and very popular news editor, we spent the evening, before bed time, talking about the importance of silence and such other things. Some of them did not make sense. We made many performative contradictions – talking endlessly about the importance of maintaining Noble silence being just one. We also indulged in some back biting – which I learnt is against moral precepts taught by the Buddha. I learnt many things from my friends in his short stay. But the important thing came the night before his departure.

Somehow, Buddha’s leaving, forsaking, if you please, his family for the answer to the riddle of suffering surfaced in the discussion. My friend enlightened me with the information that this issue was addressed by the Buddha himself by admitting that it was not necessary. What he said was that he erred, he made a wrong decision. To think that we try to pass of as angels when the Buddha himself admitted wrong-doings was another realisation of the illusions that we weave around ourselves. But that’s beside the point. What my friend said dissolved my urge to find an answer, to defend the indefensible act of the Buddha. It was a ready balm to the unsettling question that I was put to answer. I won’t say I was wrong. I shall say my wife was right. Buddha agrees with her.

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/swine-mushroom-and-renunciation/

Breaking Trust

By M.C. Linthoingambee We sleep a little bit more, we enjoy a little bit more, we feel a little safer and that is all thanks to the soldiers that works

By M.C. Linthoingambee

We sleep a little bit more, we enjoy a little bit more, we feel a little safer and that is all thanks to the soldiers that works day and night to keep us safe. How many times have we all given something without asking for something in return? Drifting our faces into the pages of history we see the footprints of Shubhash Chandra Bose, Chandrshekhar Azad, Shahid Bhagat Singh. These are just the mention of a few for there are many others who gave their lives so that we can have today and tomorrow. “One individual may die for an idea; but that idea will, after his death, incarnate itself in a thousand lives. That is how the wheel of evolution moves on and the ideas and dreams of one nation are bequeathed to the next”. These are the words of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. So, if we really dream for a better India, maybe we can make it happen? There are many unwritten chapters that still waits in a corner to be discovered by somebody or someone. These hidden stories needs to resurface to relieve the tale again.

The time of the Kargil War in the wake of 1999 took a massive hit on the soldiers with the India and Pakistan fighting it out. There are many who laid their last breath just to leave a safer home for their families, children and most importantly us. The very order of the United Nations states the unprecedented prevention of a world war ever happening again as the wake of the two great world wars left unexpected suffering to mankind. So, why can’t we learn to shake hands and be friendly when we know of the consequences that might occur from our actions? To term it accurately we are more selfish than selfless. So, what has been happening for these soldiers over the years? The early return of the war left rewards for those that left a part of themselves into giving us a safer India which concluded with the promise of a hefty compensation of flats, a job and more. Today in 2014, several years after those days, these promises became blurred and slowly faded with each year that added to not owning up to those liabilities. Some are still waiting for those promises to come true while they run around, knock upon door to door to help them bring home the honor that is due to them. The Times Now Campaign under the #Sacrifice Forgotten is one of those few step that works to help achieve that forgotten faith that gained a voice for these martrys and their families that are struggling to keep their families up and running.

Times Now reported in July 2007 how Colonel Vasanth Venugopal, Commanding Officer of 9 Maratha Light Infantry silenced eight terrorists and in the encounter made the supreme sacrifice of his life. But today, seven years later the martyr’s wife, Subhashini Vasanth is yet to be given what is rightfully hers. The Defence Minister Arun Jaitley has assured that required action will be taken in Subhashini Vasanth’s case and has promised to address many such cases that have been brought to the Government’s notice. With the new Prime Minister at the helm, there is hope that maybe these promises will be made true. The Right to Life and Personal Liberty is one of the growing concerns that lays that all people be granted the same privileges of living a healthy life as all others. So, we will just be going by law in making a person’s life count. It is time that these forgotten heroes be remembered and cherished for their work and not thrown up like a crumpled paper pieces that lays beside our desk. As our birthright, we have all willfully surrendered our rights to the Preamble that reads as follows: “We, the people of India having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a (Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic) and to secure to all its citizens:Justice, social, economic and political; Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;Equality of status and of opportunity; Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the (unity and integrity of the nation); In our Constitutent Assembly this 26th of November, 1949, do hereby, adopt, enact ad give ourselves this Constitution.” These written words at the beginning of the page of the Constitution of India is known by many and written on all school textbooks as a mandatory awareness of knowledge. It states to mean that we stand for our people and not rule over them. These Martrys are citizens same as “You and I” and not robots which can be built and rebuilt at will and adjusted. It is time we defended what was written a long time ago when we fought for our freedom because they are still struggling for that freedom.

 

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2014/06/breaking-trust/